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影响雷电通道产生的水平电场因素众多,分析其影响因素对电力系统的雷电防护具有重要意义。文中利用运动电荷电磁场方程求解得到闪电回击通道的水平电场和方位磁场,并结合C-R 算法,得到了有限电导率地面上方的水平电场。依据运动电荷电磁场方程的特征分析了不同回击速度、不同距离、不同电导率对雷击产生的水平电场的影响。得出以下结论:水平电场随回击速度增大而减小;水平电场波形呈双极性特征且水平距离越大或电导率越小负向偏移越明显。这些研究结论为输电线路雷电过电压计算打下良好的基础。与其他方法相比,本文方法可以避免远距离电磁场计算中的震荡问题和积分方程的奇异问题。 相似文献
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This study addresses the thermo‐diffusion and the diffusion‐thermo phenomena in a semi‐infinite absorbent channel whose walls are contracting/expanding, with heat source/sink effects. The governing partial differential equations with suitable boundary conditions are transformed to a system of dimensionless ordinary differential equations. An analytic solution of the problem has been found using a technique called homotopy analysis method (HAM). HAM gives consistently valid answers to the problem over an extensive variety of parameters and also provides better accuracy. To validate the analytical results, a comparison has been presented with a numerical solution calculated by using the parallel shooting method. The effects of dimensionless parameters, that is, deformation parameter, Reynolds number, Soret and Dufour numbers, and heat source/sink parameter on the expressions of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are analyzed graphically to understand the physics of the deformable channel. It has been noted that the velocity across the channel is higher for the expanding channel, as compared to that for the contracting channel. Also the Soret and Dufour number increases the temperature of the fluid, and decreases the concentration. The temperature profile has an increasing behavior in the case of heat source, and a decreasing behavior in the case of heat sink. 相似文献
14.
The galvanic corrosion behavior of as-received and ECAPed ZE41 Mg alloy coupled with Al7075 alloy is investigated using zero resistance ammeter in three different corrosive environments, 0, 0.1, and 1 M NaCl, to mimic the conditions experienced in engineering applications. The mechanism of galvanic corrosion for the ZE41 Mg–Al7075 aluminum alloy is explained. It is observed that a robust surface film containing a composite layer of oxide/hydroxide of magnesium and aluminum is established in deionized water (0 M). However, only a single layer of magnesium oxide/hydroxide is detected in chloride-containing environments. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) improved the resistance to galvanic corrosion by 58% and 54% when compared with the as-cast counterparts in 0 and 1 M NaCl solution, respectively. In contrast, galvanic corrosion resistance decreased by 26% in 0.1 M NaCl after ECAP while the as-received samples evinced pits unfavorable to be used in engineering applications. ECAP is a promising method to combat galvanic corrosion encountered by ZE41 magnesium alloy used in automobiles and components of military vehicles. 相似文献
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《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2020,40(8):2828-2833
The traditional chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method still faces massive challenge in improving the densification owing to its unavoidable bottleneck effect. Herein, laser assisted-chemical vapor infiltration (LA-CVI) was introduced to fabricate C/SiC composites with mass transfer channels. As a result, the densities of the C/SiC composites were improved due to the dense band formed during the LA-CVI process. Also, with different spacing of mass transfer channels, C/SiC composites exhibited enhanced degree of densification varying from 2.10 to 2.23 g/cm3. When the spacing of channels was 3 mm, the maximum value of flexural strength reached 528 ± 12 MPa. Additionally, micro-CT and finite element analysis were empolyed to investigate dense band and density gradient in detail. The results show that C/SiC composites prepared via LA-CVI method with suitable spacing of channels had improved density and great flexural strength. The proposed method provides a novel route for the preparation of ceramic matrix composites with high density. 相似文献
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在实验室搭建的有机玻璃料仓下料平台上,分别以自由流动粉体玻璃微珠和黏附性粉体煤粉和聚氯乙烯为实验介质,针对无改流体(No-In)、封闭改流体(Con-In)和开放改流体(Ucon-In)三种情况所形成的不同流道结构,开展了粉体料仓下料及其流率建模研究,定量分析了改流体对粉体下料流率的促进作用,对比给出了玻璃微珠、煤粉和聚氯乙烯在不同流道结构料仓内的下料特性。研究表明,改流体的引入有利于提高料仓下料流率,Con-In促进流动效果最明显,对于流动性弱的煤粉,下料流率提升幅度达到最大的58%。基于剪切摩擦区的概念,提出流率校正因子F对最小能量理论方程进行了修正,将理想的料仓下料模型拓展至实际下料过程。进一步,对于Con-In,根据流道结构特征结合对粉体的受力分析,修正了模型中的锥角项;对于Ucon-In,基于粉体下料流动竞争机制,提出分阶段下料模式并关联了内层和夹层的下料流率,最终建立了复杂流道结构料仓的下料流率预测模型。该模型综合考虑了粉体物性、下料流型和流道结构的影响,可有效预测自由流动粉体和黏附性粉体流经传统料仓(No-In)和改流体料仓(包括Con-In和Ucon-In)的粉体下料流率,且预测偏差<10%。 相似文献
18.
The identification rate of UHF RFID system was restricted by multipath propagation effects.The system identification performance was studied considering the correlation coefficient between forward and reverse channels.Based on the generalized Rician fading channel model,the analytical expression of identification rate was derived under independent,full correlation and correlation cases.Compared with the existing analysis,the proposed uniform calculation formula of identification rate was for any correlation coefficient and kinds of channel conditions.The numerical computation and Monte-carlo simulations show that the influences of different correlation coefficients,channel conditions,sensitivity and distance on the identification rate. 相似文献
19.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2020,45(22):12476-12488
A 3D multi-component multi-phase lattice Boltzmann model is developed to study the droplet motion in the flow channel of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The model is capable of reaching realistic density and viscosity ratio, tunable surface tension with low spurious velocity and is also validated by various benchmark tests in both static and dynamic states. For the first time, the effect of realistic microstructure of gas diffusion layer (GDL) on droplet dynamic behavior is comprehensively studied in terms of comparison with smooth channel, contact angle and droplet size with the motion processes clearly illustrated. The simulation results show the GDL microstructure can amplify the material wettability, affect the motion direction and impede the droplet motion. More hydrophobic GDL can effectively accelerate the transport. However, it is observed the droplet may reach the sidewall due to the presence of GDL and the motion is therefore severely impeded regardless of the GDL contact angle or droplet size, which is hard to avoid but deadly for the water management. For this problem, a novel water management strategy is proposed and the results show the hydrophilic side & top wall can effectively remove the liquid water from the GDL surface, decrease pressure drop and prevent reactant maldistribution. 相似文献
20.